Research & development spending

Gross spending on research and development as a share of GDP. Below 1% and well under the level of the economies India means to compete with — the input gap behind the strong showing on the Global Innovation Index's output measures.

Latest

0.65

2020

Published by

World Bank / UNESCO

irregular

Research & development spending over time

1996–2020 · 25 observations · % of GDP

View as table

Period	Research & development spending
2020	0.6%
2019	0.7%
2018	0.7%
2017	0.7%
2016	0.7%
2015	0.7%
2014	0.7%
2013	0.7%
2012	0.7%
2011	0.8%
2010	0.8%
2009	0.8%
2008	0.9%
2007	0.8%
2006	0.8%
2005	0.8%
2004	0.8%
2003	0.7%
2002	0.7%
2001	0.7%
2000	0.8%
1999	0.7%
1998	0.7%
1997	0.7%
1996	0.6%

Compared with

United States

3.4%

Japan

3.4%

Germany

3.2%

China

2.6%

Brazil

1.2%

India

0.6%

South Africa

0.6%

Vietnam

0.4%

Nepal

0.3%

Indonesia

0.3%

Pakistan

0.2%

Sri Lanka

0.1%

Latest available year for each country · % of GDP

Source

World Bank / UNESCO — https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS